Timeline

THE INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS
A TIME LINE OF ITS HISTORY
SESSION - VENUES - PRESIDENTS - EVENTS

 

THE FOUNDATION YEARS
CONSOLIDATION AND BEYOND
DEMAND FOR SELF GOVERNMENT
THE FOUNDATIONS OF INDEPENDENT INDIA
THE DEMAND FOR COMPLETE INDEPENDENCE
THE FINAL STAGE
AFTER FREEDOM
THE ADVENT OF SMT INDIRA GANDHI
TOWARDS THE TWENTY FIRST CENTURY
THE INTERIM YEARS
THE RESURGENCE OF THE PARTY
GENERAL ELECTIONS HELD IN MAY 2004
SMT. SONIA GANDHI RENOUNCES POST OF PRIME MINISTER OF INDIA

 

 THE FOUNDATION YEARS
 

Demand for Equitable Government through Administrative Reforms

 

Concern for the removal of Poverty.
Resolution deploring :

·     The growing impoverishment of the people

·     The wealth of the country being drained away

·     The condition of the ryots steadily deterioration since 1848 nearly 40 million people having only one meal a day and some times not even that

 

Annual Sessions of the Congress Party held in different venues every year

 

Provincial Conferences organised to foster country-wide involvement

 

Concrete steps taken to organise Public Opinion in Great Britian
in favour of the Indian viewpoint

 

Thrust on seeking Representation in Government

 

Madan Mohan Malaviya - "No taxation without representation"

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

July 1889 Formation of British Committee of the Indian National Congress with Offices in London to put pressure on Parliament in Great Britian.

 

 

 

 

1892 Dadabhai Naoroji elected to British Parliament in Great Britian.

 

1892 India Councils Act a major victory for Congress but it still did not envisage elected representation.

 

1885
BOMBAY


W. C. BONNERJEE

1886
CALCUTTA


DADABHAI NAOROJI

1887
MADRAS


BADRUDDIN TYABJI

1888
ALLAHABAD


GEORGE YULE

1889
BOMBAY


SIR WILLIAM WEDDERBURN

1890
CALCUTTA


SIR PHEROZESHAH MEHTA

1891
NAGPUR


P. ANANDA CHARLU

1892
ALLAHABAD


W. C. BONNERJEE

1893
LAHORE


DADABHAI NAOROJI

1894
MADRAS


ALFRED WEBB

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CONSOLIDATION AND BEYOND

 

Demand for Fiscal Responsibility

 

Demand for Indianisation of Services

 

Protest against economic emasculation

 

Government insensitive to Natural disasters

 

Famine Plague Floods

 


Lokmanya Tilak works for the famine affected polpulace of Pune - accused of inciting violence by his writings in "Kesari" - imprisoned

 

The Curzon Vice-Royalty - many repressive measures
Sedition Act curbing the elementary liberties of the people
Official Secrets Act with burden of proof of innocence shifted onto the accused

 

Protest against proposed Partition of Bengal along communal lines

 

 

 

1896 Resolution blaming the British for creating the Famine

 

 

 

 

 

 

1899 First Party Constitution framed

1900 British reaction to growing Congress Movement - curb availability of Education to Indians - Universities Act seeks to limit spread of English education

1901 Mahatma Gandhi appears on the Congress platform for the first time seeking support for the struggle in South Africa

 
 
 

1895
PUNE


SURENDRANATH
BANNERJEE

1896
CALCUTTA


RAHIMTULLA M. SAYANI

1897
AMRAVATI


C. SANKARAN NAIR

1898
MADRAS


ANANDA MOHAN BOSE

1899
LUCKNOW


ROMESH CHANDER DUTTA

1900
LAHORE


N. G. CHANDAVARKAR

1901
CALCUTTA


SIR DINSHAW EDULJEE WACHA

1902
AHMEDABAD

SURENDRANATH
BANNERJEE

1903
MADRAS


LALMOHAN GHOSH

1904
BOMBAY


SIR HENRY COTTON

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DEMAND FOR SELF GOVERNMENT

 

Reaction to the Curzon Regime

 

Widespread protests against the Partition of Bengal - blatantly promoted by Lord Curzon as the creation of a Muslim Enclave

 

Confrontation between the Moderates in the Congress seeking change through constitutional means and peaceful
agitation and the Extremist younger elements seeking
change through violence if necessary

 


 

1906 Demand for Swaraj
Boycott of British Good

1907 First Split in Congress between Moderates and Extremists - the Moderates retain control of the Organisation

1909 Minto-Morley Reforms creating the Indian Councils gave representation but also gave impetus to the virus of Communalism by providing for separate electorates

1909 First signs of strain in Hindu-Muslim relations

1911 The partition of Bengal is annulled

 
 
 
 
 

1905
BENARES


GOPAL KRISHNA GOKHALE

1906
CALCUTTA


DADABHAI NAOROJI

1907
SURAT


RASHBIHARI GHOSH

1908
MADRAS

RASHBIHARI GHOSH

1909
LAHORE


PT MADAN MOHAN
MALAVIYA

1910
ALLAHABAD


SIR WILLIAM
WEDDERBURN

1911
CALCUTTA


PT BISHAN NARAYAN
DAR

1912
BANKIPUR


R. N. MUDHOLKAR

1913
KARACHI


NAWAB SYED MOHD BAHADUR

1914
MADRAS



BHUPENDRA NATH BOSE

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THE FOUNDATIONS OF INDEPENDENT INDIA
 

THE HOME RULE MOVEMENT

 

THE ADVENT OF GANDHI

 

THE KHILAFAT MOVEMENT

 

THE NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT

 

 

1916 Lucknow Pact between the Congress and the Muslim league

 

1917 Proposal for a Congress Flag (later to become the National Tricolour)

1917 Principle of Linguisitic Division accepted - foundation for the eventual creation of states by linguistic identity

1917 Gandhiji introduces Satyagraha as a potent weapon of political protest in Champaran

 

1918 Satyagraha in Gujarat successful

 

1919 Gandhiji organises countrywide Satyagraha against the RowlattAct

1919 Jallianwala Bagh Massacre

1920 Khilafat Movement

1920 Gandhiji tours the country to organise the Non-Cooperation Movement

1920 The Congress becomes a Mass Movement

1920 The Country United under Mahatma Gandhi

1922 Gandhiji arrested

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

1924 Gandhiji’s 21 day fast against Communal Disturbances

 
 
 
 
 

1915
BOMBAY


LORD S.P. SINHA

1916
LUCKNOW


AMBICA CHARAN MAZUMDAR

1917
CALCUTTA


DR ANNIE BESANT

1918
BOMBAY


SYED HASAN IMAM

1918
DELHI


PT MADAN MOHAN MALAVIYA

1919
AMRITSAR


PT MOTILAL NEHRU

1920
CALCUTTA


LALA LAJPAT RAI

1920
NAGPUR


C. VIJAYARAGHAVA
-CHARIAR

1921
AHMEDABAD


HAKIM AJMAL KHAN

1922
GAYA

DESHBANDHU CHITTARANJAN DAS

1923
COCANADA


MAULANA MOHD ALI

1923
DELHI


MAULANA ABUL KALAM AZAD

1924
BELGAUM


MAHATMA GANDHI

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THE DEMAND FOR COMPLETE INDEPENDENCE

 

GANDHI - IRWIN PACT

 

DEFINITION OF FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS

 

1925 Adoption of Hindi as the Official Language for the AICC Sessions

1926 Announcement of Simon Commission for Proposing Constitutional Reforms for India

1927 Resolution boycotting the Simon Commission

1928 Successful All India Hartal on arrival of Simon Commission

1928 All Party Committee appointed under Pt Motilal Nehru to draft a Consititution for Independent India

1928 Bardoli Satyagraha successful under Sardar Patel

1929 Irwin-Gandhi talks

1929 Resolution demanding Complete Independence

1930 Adoption of 26th January as "Purna Swaraj Day"

1930 Call for Civil Disobedience

1930 Salt Satyagraha - Dandi March

1930 All major Congress Leaders arrested

1930 AICC Working Committee declared unlawful body

1930 Congress opposition to Round table Conference

1931 Fundamental Rights defined

1931 AICC Working Committee Members released - Congress invited by Viceroy to join deliberations for the future of India

1931 Gandhi authorised to negotiate on behalf of the Congress

1931 Gandhi - Irwin Pact

1931-32 Repression by the British and resumption of the Struggle. Gandhiji arrested

1932 Poona Agreement guaranteeing Reserved Seats for the Scheduled Castes and Tribes

1933 Gandhiji on fast for 21 days for the cause of the Harijans

1934 Gandhiji withdraws from the Congress

1934 Congress Constitution amended to make Non-Violence and Khadi its fundamental creeds

 

1925
KANPUR


SAROJINI NAIDU

1926
GAUHATI


S. SRINIVASA
IYENGAR

1927
MADRAS

DR MUKHTAR AHMED ANSARI

1928
CALCUTTA

PT MOTILAL NEHRU

1929
LAHORE


PT JAWAHARLAL NEHRU

 1930

 

1931
KARACHI

SARDAR
VALLABHABHAI PATEL

1932
DELHI


PT MADAN MOHAN MALAVIYA

1933
CALCUTTA


MRS NELLIE
SENGUPTA

1934
BOMBAY


DR RAJENDRA
PRASAD

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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THE FINAL STAGE

 

THE DEMAND FOR IMMEDIATE FREEDOM

 

MASS SATYAGRAHA

 

1935 The Government of India Act

1935 Gandhiji decides to concentrate on Social Reform

1935 Congress condemns the new Constitution but decides to contest Elections

1936 Nehru’s Presidential address condemns Fascism

1937 Congress wins Elections in 5 out of 9 Provinces

1939 Resignation of Congress Ministries and withdrawal from the Legislative Process

1939 Demand for a Constituent assembly to be elected by Universal Franchise

1942 Non-Cooperation in the War Effort

1942 Call for a National Government

1940 9th August 1942 Quit India Resolution

1940 Mass Arrests leading to All India Public Protest

1943-44 Allied victories in the war leading to intransigent British position

1943-44 Gandhiji and Congress leaders released from Prison but British refuse to negotiate

1943-44 Jinnah adamant on Partition

1945 Simla Conference fails

1946 INA Trial

1946 Naval Mutiny

1946 Cabinet Mission to decide fate of India

1946 Congress wins an overwhelming majority in Elections to the Constitutional Assembly

1946 Muslim League decides to withdraw and Press for the creation of Pakistan 16th August chosen as Direct Action Day

1946 Violence in Bengal - 6,000 killed

1946 Congress and Muslim League join Interim Government

1946 Jinnah still adamant

 

1935
LUCKNOW


PT JAWAHARLAL
NEHRU

1936
FAIZPUR

PT JAWAHARLAL NEHRU

 1937

 

1938
HARIPURA


SUBHAS CHANDRA
BOSE

1939
TRIPURA

SUBHAS CHANDRA BOSE

 1940  

1941
RAMGARH


 
MAULANA ABUL KALAM AZAD

1942

1943

1944

1945

 

1946
MEERUT


ACHARYA J.B.
KRIPALANI

 1947

 

 

 

 
 

 

 

 

 

1947 Partition and Independence

Top

 

 

 


AFTER FREEDOM
 

 

Communal Frenzy

30th January 1948 Martyrdom of Mahatama Gandhi

Integration of the Princely States

Creation of the Republic

First General Elections

The Establishment of Real Democracy

 

 

 

The Congress Message enunciated by Pt Nehru - "Political freedom having been attained through non-violent action under the leadership of Gandhi, the National Congress now has to labour for the attainment of social and economic freedom so that progress and equal opportunity may come to all the people of India without any distinction of race or religion"

 

 

 

1948
JAIPUR


DR. PATTABHI SITARAMAYYA


1949
 
 

1950
NASIK


PURSHOTTAM DAS TANDON

1951
NEW DELHI




PT JAWAHARLAL NEHRU


1952
 
 

1953
HYDERABAD
 

PT JAWAHARLAL NEHRU

1954
KALYANI
 

PT JAWAHARLAL NEHRU

TOWARDS SOCIALISM
 

1955 Resolution seeking to introduce Planning for a Socialistic Pattern of Society

1955 Concept of economic and social reconstruction

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1964 Demise of Prime Minister Pt Jawaharlal Nehru

 

1955
AVADI

 

U.N. DHEBAR

1956
AMRITSAR
 

U.N. DHEBAR

1957
INDORE

U.N. DHEBAR


1958
 
 

1959
NAGPUR
 

U.N. DHEBAR

1960
BANGALORE


NEELAM SANJEEVA REDDY

1961
BHAVNAGAR
 

NEELAM SANJEEVA REDDY

1962
PATNA
 

NEELAM SANJEEVA REDDY

1963  

1964
BHUBANESHWAR



K. KAMARAJ

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THE ADVENT OF SMT INDIRA GANDHI   

 

1965 Demise of Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri

1965 Smt Indira Gandhi chosen as Prime Minister

 

1969 Bank Nationalisation

1969 Abolition of the Princes

1969 Split in Congress over the Election of the President of India

1971 Mid-Term Poll swept by Smt. Indira Gandhi

1972 Congress gets massive victories in state elections

1975 Imposition of Emergency

1977 Loss in General Elections

1977 Congress for Democracy splits the party

1978 Split in Congress

1978 Smt Indira Gandhi sweeps state elections in Andhra and Karnataka

1980 Indira Gandhi sweeps back to power with over 300 seats in the Lok Sabha

31st October 1984 Martyrdom of Smt Indira Gandhi

 

1965
DURGAPUR


K.KAMARAJ

1966
JAIPUR

K.KAMARAJ 


1967
 
 

1968
HYDERABAD


S. NIJALINGAPPA

1969
FARIDABAD

S. NIJALINGAPPA

1969
BOMBAY


JAGJIVAN RAM


1970
 
 

 1971

 

1972
CALCUTTA


DR. SHANKAR DAYAL SHARMA


1973
 
 
1974  

1975
CHANDIGARH


DEV KANT
BOROOAH

1976  

 1977

 

1978
NEW DELHI



INDIRA GANDHI

1979  

 1980

 

1981  
1982  

1983
CALCUTTA

INDIRA GANDHI

1984

 

 

Top

TOWARDS THE TWENTY FIRST CENTURY
 


1984 Shri Rajiv Gandhi leads the Congress to an unprecedented Victory of 401 seats in the Lok Sabha

 


First steps taken towards changing the political and economic climate in the country

 


 

Attempt to solve long pending disputes :

  •   Mizo Accord

  •   Assam Accord

  •   Punjab Accord

  •   Historic visit to China


 

 

1985
BOMBAY


RAJIV GANDHI


   


 

"A century of achievements ends. A century of endeavour beckons to us. Our resplendent civilization with unbroken continuity from the third millennium B.C. looks ahead to peaks of excellence in the third millennium A.D.

It fails to us to work for India’s greatness. A great country is not one which merely has a great past, Out of that past must arise a glorious future.

Let us build an India.

- Proud of her independence;
- powerful in defence of her freedom;
- strong, self-reliant in agriculture, industry and front-rank technology;
- united by bonds transcending barriers of caste, creed and region;
- liberated from the bondage of poverty, and of social and economic inequality;

An India

- disciplined & efficient;
- fortified by ethical and spiritual values;
- a fearless force for peace on earth;
- the School of the world, blending the inner repose of the spirit with material progress;
- a new civilization, with the strength of our heritage, the creativity of the spring time of youth and the unconquerable spirit of our people.

Great achievements demand great sacrifices. Sacrifices not only from our generation and generations gone by, but also from generations to come.

Civilizations are not built by just one or two generations. Civilizations are built by the ceaseless toil of a succession of generations. With softness and sloth, civilizations succumb. Let us beware of decadence.

We must commit ourselves to the demanding task of making India a mighty power in the World, with all the strength and the compassion of her great culture.

To this cause, I pledge myself."

From the Presidential Address of Shri Rajiv Gandhi at Bombay

 

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1989 Congress largest single party with 197 seats. Shri Rajiv Gandhi chooses to sit in Opposition because he did not get a clear mandate

1986
1987
1988

1989

1990

1991 Martyrdom of Shri Rajiv Gandhi while campaigning during Lok Sabha Elections

THE INTERIM YEARS
 

     

1991 Congress comes to power on sympathy vote after the martyrdom of Shri Rajiv Gandhi

1991 P.V. Narasimha Rao chosen Congress Prime Minister

1991 Dr Manmohan Singh as Finance Minister takes first steps towards opening up the economy and making it globally competitive

1996 Congress loses General Elections

1996 P.V. Narasimha Rao resigns from Presidentship of Party

1996 Sitaram Kesri chosen as President

 

 

1991

 

1992
TIRUPATI
 

       

P.V. NARASIMHA RAO

1993  
1994  
1995  
1996 

 

1997
CALCUTTA


SITARAM KESRI

 

 

1997 IN THE RUN UP TO THE GENERAL ELECTIONS CONGRESS DEMORALISED AND LEADERS THREATENING TO LEAVE THE PARTY. ALL PSEPHOLOGISTS PREDICT TOTAL DISASTER FOR THE PARTY

 

1997 SMT. SONIA GANDHI PERSUADED TO CAMPAIGN FOR THE PARTY TO STOP IT FROM COLLAPSING ALTOGETHER

Top

THE RESURGENCE OF THE PARTY

ADVENT OF SMT SONIA GANDHI
THE ROAD TO RECOVERY

 

14th March 1998 Smt. Sonia Gandhi persuaded to take over as Congress President

Congress on a wining spree. Wins state elections and forms Governments in  a majority of the states:
 

 

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

 

 

 

BANGALORE

 

   
SMT SONIA GANDHI

 

28TH AND 29TH MARCH 2003

FIRST EVER CONVENTION OF ALL BLOCK CONGRESS PRESIDENTS HELD AT DELHI

THRUST ON POVERTY ALLEVIATION

"CONGRESS KA HAATH GARIB KE SAATH"

7TH, 8TH AND  9TH JULY 2003

SHIMLA VICHAR MANTHAN SHIVIR

SHIMLA SANKALP ADOPTED BY THE PARTY

"CONGRESS KA HAATH AAM AADMI KE SAATH"

GENERAL ELECTIONS HELD IN MAY 2004
 

Congress under Smt. Sonia Gandhi leads United Progressive Alliance (UPA) to victory in Elections defeating the BJP led NDA

  

Smt. Sonia Gandhi elected head of the Parliamentary Party

Smt. Sonia Gandhi asked to head UPA Government as Prime Minister

SMT. SONIA GANDHI RENOUNCES POST OF PRIME MINISTER OF INDIA

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“I was always certain that if ever I found myself in the position that I am in today, I would follow my own inner voice. Today, that voice tells me I must humbly decline this post.” – Sonia Gandhi

 

Dr. Manmohan Singh elected head of Parliamentary Party

 

Dr. Manmohan Singh sworn in as Prime Minister of India on 22 May 2004


 

National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 2005

Right to Information Act, 2005

 

Forest Rights Act 2006

 

"Peace, Non-Violence and Empowerment Gandhian Philosophy in 21st Century" New Delhi Conference, January 29-30, 2007

Shri Rahul Gandhi takes over as General Secretary, AICC 24.09.07

Historical Initiative by Soniaji - United Nations declares Gandhi Jayanti as International Non-Violence Day 02.10.07

Extension of the NREGA to all the Rural Districts of the country 01.04.08

Loan Waiver for Farmers Rs. 72,000 crore

Congress wins vote in Lok Sabha on Civilian Nuclear Agreement. India now part of Global Nuclear Community.

 

National Convention of Block & District Presidents Sunday, 8th February 2009 Ram Lila grounds, Delhi

2005

 

 

2006

 

 

2007
 

 

2008

 

 

 

2009

 

 


HYDERABAD      
SMT SONIA GANDHI

 

 

 

 

 

AAM AADMI KE BADHTE KADAM
HAR KADAM PAR BHARAT BULAND

 

General Elections held in April/May 2009

 

Congress led UPA wins overwhelming Victory in the General Elections
Congress wins 206 seats on its own

Dr. Manmohan Singh sworn in as Prime Minister for second term

 

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